Overall, AA children were more likely to be neonates at the time of surgery (42.0% vs. Most children were neonates, had an American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥4 (70.0%, n = 811), and developed one or more postoperative complications (68.7%, n = 833). Of the 1601 mortality cases, we retained 1212 children who were of either AA (26.0%, n = 350) or white (63.9%, n = 862) race. Results: Between 20, a total of 276,917 children underwent inpatient surgery, of whom 0.8% ( n = 1601) died within 30 days of operation. To estimate the risk-adjusted difference in DNR orders, we controlled the analyses for age, prematurity status, emergent case status, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, year of operation, surgical specialty, and surgical complexity. We used log-binomial models to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of DNR use comparing white with African American (AA) children. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the mortality of all children who underwent an inpatient surgery between 20 from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. We aim to characterize the racial difference in DNR orders among U.S. Background: Very few studies have investigated the racial differences in do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders in children, and these studies are limited to oncological cases.
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